_沪教版小学英语语法及练习
第1讲 改否定句 【知识点】 1、 句子中有am/is/are/can时，直接在后面加not，其他不变，抄下来；
2、 句子中没有am/is/are/can时，找到动词，在动词前面加don’t/doesn’t，其他不变，抄下来。
【练习题】 1、 I am Mike. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 2、 This is a pen. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 3、 You are a boy. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 4、 They can swim. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 5、 I like apples. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 6、 I am Danny. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 7、 This is my ruler. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 8、 Those are his robots. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 9、 You can go to have a look. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 10、 I know his name. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 11、 I am a student. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 12、 It is an apple. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 13、 They are my books. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 14、 I can see a boat. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 15、 Stand up. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 16、 I am in Grade 3. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 17、 She is Yang Ling. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 18、 We are teachers. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 19、 I can draw a toy car. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 20、 Jack speaks English very well. 否定句：____________________________________________________ 第2讲 改一般疑问句 【知识点】 1、 句子中有am/is/are/can时，放句首，其他不变，抄下来。
2、 句子中没有am/is/are/can时，用Do/Does放句首，其他不变，抄下来。
3、 I变you，I am变Are you。
4、 标点变问号。
肯定回答：Yes，人称+am/is/are/can/do。
否定回答：No，人称+am/is/are/can/do+not。
【练习题】 1、 I am Mike. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 2、 This is a pen. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 3、 You are a boy. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 4、 They can swim. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 5、 I like apples. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 6、 I am Danny. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 7、 This is my ruler. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 8、 Those are his robots. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 9、 You can go to have a look. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 10、 I know his name. 一般疑问句：______________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________ 第3讲 改肯定句 【知识点】 1、一般疑问句改肯定句 （1）将句首的am/is/are/can放回主语后面，其它照抄，标点改成句号。
例如：Is she tall?She is tall. （2）句首是Do、Does的，去掉Do、Does，其它照抄，动词用原形，标点改成句号。如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语也要改为第三人称单数形式。例如：Do you like apples？肯定句：I like apples. 2、否定句改肯定句 （1）句子中有am/is/are/can时，直接把am/is/are/can后面的not去掉，其他照抄。例如：I can’t run.I can run. （2）句子中有don’t或doesn’t时，直接去掉don’t或doesn’t，其他照抄。如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语也要改为第三人称单数形式。例如：Don’t shut.Shut. 【练习题】 1、 Isthistallboythin? ________________________________________________________ 2、 Areyourearssmall? ________________________________________________________ 3、 Can Sarah clean the classroom? ________________________________________________________ 4、 Do you like the ducks? ________________________________________________________ 5、 Is this the playground? ________________________________________________________ 6、 Are you a boy? ________________________________________________________ 7、 Can they swim? ________________________________________________________ 8、 Does he like the dogs? ________________________________________________________ 9、 I am not a boy. ________________________________________________________ 10、 Sam isn’t sad. ________________________________________________________ 11、 We aren’t studying English. ________________________________________________________ 12、 I can’t dance ________________________________________________________ 13、 Don’t open the pencil-box. ________________________________________________________ 14、 He doesn’t know your name. ________________________________________________________ 15、 I am not Danny. ________________________________________________________ 16、 The man isn’t walking in the street. ________________________________________________________ 17、 They aren’t in the classroom. ________________________________________________________ 18、 Her mother can’t ride a bicycle. ________________________________________________________ 19、 We don’t have lunch at12:00 every day. ________________________________________________________ 20、 Tom doesn’t walk to school. ________________________________________________________ 第4讲 缩写形式与完整形式 【知识点】 完整形式 缩写形式 完整形式 缩写形式 完整形式 缩写形式 完整形式 缩写形式 am ’m is ’s are ’re not n’t I am I’m he is he’s we are we’re is not isn’t she is she’s you are you’re can not can’t what is what＇s they are they’re do not don’t name is name’s does not doesn’t 【练习题】 1、 I am Mike. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 2、 It is a pen. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 3、 You are a boy. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 4、 They can not swim. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 5、 I do not like apples. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 6、 I am a student. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 7、 It is an apple. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 8、 They are my books. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 9、 I can not see a boat. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 10、 Do not stand up. 缩写形式：____________________________________ 11、 I’m Danny. 完整形式：____________________________________ 12、 This’s my ruler. 完整形式：____________________________________ 13、 Those’re his robots. 完整形式：____________________________________ 14、 You can’t go to have a look. 完整形式：____________________________________ 15、 I don’t know his name. 完整形式：____________________________________ 16、 I’m in Grade 3. 完整形式：____________________________________ 17、 She’s Yang Ling. 完整形式：____________________________________ 18、 We’re teachers. 完整形式：____________________________________ 19、 I can’t draw a toy car. 完整形式：____________________________________ 20、 Jack doesn’t speak English very well. 完整形式：____________________________________ 第5讲 主格、宾格、所有格（形容词性物主代词） 【知识点】 1、人称代词主格：在句子开头作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。
例如：I am a teacher. You are a student. They are students. 2、人称代词宾格：在动词或介词后作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。
例如：Give it to me. Let’s go. 3、物主代词所有格：用在名词前，表示是谁的东西。
例如：This is my book. We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。
主格 宾格 所有格 （形容词性物主代词） 单数 I me my我的 you you your你的 she her her她的 he him his他的 it it its它的 复数 we us our我们的 you you your你们的 they them their他/她/它们的 【练习题】 1.__________（我）am a teacher. 2.My father is talking with __________（我） 3.___________（他）often plays basketball after school. 4.___________（他的）teacher is good. 5.____________（我们）buy a pair of shoes for______（他）. 6.Please pass _______（我们）the ball. 7.________（他们）are listening to the radio. 8.This is ________（我们）book.That is _________（他的）book. 9.________（他的）chair is blue.________（我们的）is yellow. 10._______（我们的）classroom is big._______（你们的）classroom is small. 11.________（他）often plays basketball after school. 12._________（他的）teacher is good.（她的）teacher is good too. 13.My book is blue._______（you）book is red. 14.Our chair is better than _________（they）chairs. 15.I will give the presents to __________（they） 第6讲 名词复数变化规则 【知识点】 名词复数变化规则：
1、 一般情况下，直接加s。
例如：car---cars、bag---bags、book---books 2、 以s/x/ch/sh结尾的单词加es。
例如：class---classes、box---boxes、watch---watches、brush---brushes 3、 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，变y为i，再加es。
例如：baby---babies、family---families、comedy---comedies（喜剧） 4、 以元音字母加y结尾的单词，直接加s。
例如：boy---boys、day---days、key---keys 5、 以f/fe结尾的单词，变f/fe为v，再加es 例如：leaf---leaves、wolf----wolves、knife---knives “小偷”（thief）的“妻子”（wife）用“刀子”（knife）和“树叶”（leaf）把“狼”（wolf）劈成了两“半”（half） 6、 以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es，无生命的加s，以oo结尾的加s。
有生命的加es。例如，potato---potatoes、tomato---potatoes、hero---heroes（英雄爱吃土豆炖西红柿） 无生命的加s。例如，photo---photos、radio---radios、piano---pianos。
以oo结尾的加s。例如，kangaroo---kangaroos（袋鼠）、zoo---zoos。
7、 不可数名词没有复数，以原形或/表示。
例如：water---/、milk---/、juice---/ 8、 特殊情况 例如：am/is---are、I---we、she/he/it---they、my---our his/her/its---their、this---these、that---those man---men、sheep---sheep、Chinese---Chinese、foot---feet 【练习题】 名词变复数 bird card orange watch lady family ruler photo friend class dictionary party boy girl cat box candy story I he you am is are wife tree key bed hero sheep case question leaf case cup pen desk key box knife card orange boy friend parent mother father sister brother son daughter cousin pencil child man 第7讲 改复数句 【知识点】 对照句子，将句子中的名词和代词改成对应的复数，其他不变，按顺序抄下来即可。
例如：She is my friend. They are my friends. I am a girl. We are girls. 【练习题】 句子单数变复数 1. This is a book. ___________________________________________ 2.That is an eraser. ___________________________________________ 3.It is a red apple. ___________________________________________ 4.I am a boy. ___________________________________________ 5.He is a teacher. ___________________________________________ 6.What’s this? ___________________________________________ 7. I am a tall boy. ___________________________________________ 8.She is a beautiful girl. ___________________________________________ 9.He is a strong man. ___________________________________________ 10.This is a big mouse. ___________________________________________ 11.That is a small fish. ___________________________________________ 12.It has a long tooth. ___________________________________________ 13 This is an old dog. ___________________________________________ 14. There is a big peach on the table. ___________________________________________ 15. I can sing a song. ___________________________________________ 16. It is under the table. ___________________________________________ 17. That is a short boy. ___________________________________________ 18. I like the red skateboards. ___________________________________________ 19. That monkey can climb the tree. ___________________________________________ 20. This fox is big. ___________________________________________ 第8讲 就划线部分提问 【知识点】 1、根据划线部分找到特殊疑问词放句首，把题目中剩下的部分变成一般疑问句，接在特殊疑问词的后面。
2、标点改为问号。
特殊疑问词: 特殊疑问词 内容 特殊疑问词 内容 What 什么 How much 价格，多少钱 What colour 什么颜色 What…do 会做什么 How 身体状况 Who 谁，问人 How old 几岁，年龄 Where 在哪儿，地点 How many 数量，几个 Whose 谁的，问主人 Which 哪一个 When 什么 What time 几点，问时间 Why 为什么，问原因 【练习题】 对划线部分提问 1. That’s a bike. ______________________________________ 2. My name is Lingling. ______________________________________ 3. This is a map of America. ______________________________________ 4. Tow and tow is four. ______________________________________ 5. He likes playing basketball. ______________________________________ 6. Pandas love bamboo. ______________________________________ 7. It’ssix o’clock. ______________________________________ 8. The bike is black. ______________________________________ 9. The pen is red. ______________________________________ 10. Amy is a good girl. ______________________________________ 11. Lingling likes collecting dolls. ____________________________________ 12. This is Li Ping’sbook. ______________________________________ 13. My pen is in the box. ______________________________________ 14. I live in New York. ______________________________________ 15. My birthday is November 11. ______________________________________ 16. I go to school by bike. ______________________________________ 17. He is twelve. ______________________________________ 18. The hamburger is four dollars. ___________________________________ 19. The kite is twenty yuan. ______________________________________ 20. Two pens are on the desk..______________________________________ 21. They are from 191 countries. ______________________________________ 22. The bridge is 5 kilometers long. ____________________________________ 23. I’m in Class 1. ______________________________________ 第9讲 be动词、can、have、has的用法 【知识点】 1、be动词：am、is、are 口诀：我用am，你用are，is连着他、她、它。单数用is，复数用are。
2、can：能、会、可以 can+动词原形。
3、have、has：有 口诀：我有，你有，用have；
他、她、它有用has。
例如：I have/you have/she has/he has/it has… 【练习题】 用am,is,are填空 I ____ a girl.My name ____ Mary.I ____ 12 years old. Here ____ my family photo.Look! These ____ my parents and those ____ my grandparents.This boy____ my brother.He ____ 15 years old now.That ____ my cat,Mimi.It ____ very lovely. 1.I ______ Kitty.______ 2.She ______ a student. 3.My sisters______ tall. 4.Jane and Tom ______ my friends. 5.We ______ students. 6.They ______ in the zoo. 7.Yang Ling ______ ten years old. 8.Sandy is my good friend. He _ ___ tall and fat. 9.Look at the picture. It ______ beautiful. 10.This ______ my dress. 用have 和has 填空 1. I ______ a cat. 2. He ______ a dog. 3. She______ long hair. 4. We ______ a big house. 5. They ______ a happy family. 6. It ______ a short tail。
7. You ______ a good teacher. 8. Jane ______ two big eyes. 9. Tom ______ a red pen. 10. My mother ______ a beautiful nose. 11. I ______ a nice puppet. 12. He ______ a good friend. 13. They ______some masks. 14. We ______ some flowers. 15. She ______ a duck. 16. My father ______ a new bike. 17. Her mother ______ a vase. 18. Our teacher ______ an English book. 19. Our teachers______ a basketball. 20. Their parents______ some books.